Formation of Solar system

Ideal body movement within density field of mother body

Ideal Body moves towards center of mother body(CMB)

With previous posts it was proven, when an ideal body (which has material layers around it with increasing densities towards its center) moves in the density field (which may be one of density layers around an ideal mother body) the body outer layer adjusts to the surrounding density field by equating its outer layer density to the mother body density field (DF).

When this ideal body moves to inner layers of mother body, it loses its low density outer layers to make itself eligible to exist increased density field of mother body.

When a two body system moves towards increasing density field or towards center of mother body (CMB), that system sacrifice their common density layers in-order to move towards  CMB. By doing so, they reduce their occupancy volume within mother body volume. When this two body system, further moves towards CMB, at certain stage this system may loose all the common layers and the individual bodies in this two body system are no more bound by common layers and they make individual contact boundaries with mother body density field. These two bodies may act differently after this differentiation.

When this 1st order mother body system(1oMB) along with its two just differentiated moons, travel inside its mother body field, the 2nd order mother body (2oMB), this system too act in the same discussed in above section. When 1oMB move inside increasing 2oMB's density field (towards Center of 2oMB), at one stage, the moons of 1oMB may no longer travel along with 1oMB and they detach with 1oMB, become independent of 1oMB and become moons of 2oMB. In this case, the two moons of 1oMB and 1oMB become three moons of 2oMB.

Ideal Body moves away from CMB

The opposite is true when a body (Ideal) moves away from the CMB. In such scenario, the body acquires material layers from the mother body material layers in order to maintain the equal density at event horizon. By doing so, the body gains new material or new layers and new volume. If this body which is traveling away from CMB happens to be the 1oMB discussed in above section, which has just lost its moons to 2oMB; this 1oMB may regain its lost moons within its newly acquired density layers. In this way, the moons of 2oMB become moons of 1oMB. We may call this process as formation of 1oMB planetary system.

Formation of planetary systems

When the Solar system moves towards the CMB of Milky-way, Solar system may lose its outer layers and sometimes outer planets too. If Solar system happens to move away from CMB of Milky-way, then the solar system may attract, new planets, or some of common planets to Milky-way and Solar system may become planets to only Solar system. This way, how and why different celestial bodies move as they do can be deduced.

What could be the Origin of Solar System?

Solar system origins are associated with the movement of Milky-way(MW) in its mother body's density field (MBDF). When MW moves towards CMB of its MB, the numerous star systems of MW in the outer layers starts to either come closer by losing their outer layers or outer planets or get themselves out of MW and become independent Star systems inside MBDF of MW.

If 'early scenario of single Sun and later it was attached with planets of solar system as we see today' is termed as formation of Solar system, then it is very simple to explain the formation of Solar system.

Solar system must be formed, while MW was moving away from its CMB. MW must be expanding, as it was acquiring low density materials and the star, planet and moon systems from the low DF of mother body of MW. While doing so, inner layer star systems of MW too start expanding and acquiring low density material from immediate layers of MW. If Sun was assumed as single without any planet attached at initial stage, then with movement of MW towards low DF of its MB, Sun would have acquired, first its inner layer planets and subsequently the outer layer planets. During this process itself the planets in the solar system would have acquired the moons they presently have.

This way we can best explain the formation of Solar system.

PART 2- Section A: Density Change with celestial body movement

Introduction

In Part 1, with section 1 & 2 it has been established the shell nature of celestial bodies, where a celestial body can be a moon like small satellite or a big galaxy. Material in every celestial body spread across different layers and the density within the body decreases from center to outer layers. As every celestial body floats into one of its mother body layer (Eg. the solar system is the mother body to Earth), there is a boundary separating celestial body from its mother body. At this boundary the density of outermost layer is equal to density of the mother body layer. In section 3, it is shown how a body loses its outer layers when it travels towards high density layers of its mother body. Now here in this part 2, we will see how a celestial body layer can get outer layer bodies which are orbiting this celestial body towards its high density layers and how the material density in each layer can increase with the movement of the celestial body towards center of mother body.

Section 1: Increase in number of bodies in layers of the body moving towards high density layers 

The 2^nd scenario of celestial body behavior explained at the end of part 1 is critical to the new hypothesis on origin of Universe or existence of Universe. When celestial body, C travelling towards the center of mother body, M, c’, the moon of C can act in both ways, 1. ether to leave C and become a satellite to M or 2. give up the outer layer, which is holding it back from moving along with C. For this c’ needs to move closer to center of C. By doing so, c’ reduces its size and loses its mass too. And the stellar body C as a whole increases its density as it loses large volume space with a fraction of loss in mass in the form of outer layer.

Fig.2.1.1. The Moon C, along with its sub-moon c’ moving towards planet M behaves in either of the two ways depicted in scenario 1 &2. C loses c’ to M’s outer layer as c’ is unwilling to give up its outer layer materials are shown in scenario 1. It is shown with body scenario 2, that c’ is carried in by C even at the high density space of M, which happened as c’ maintains to arrive at high density  space of C by losing its outer low density layer materials.

The behavior of c’ is the key in deciding the fate of C as a whole. And this needs to be observed thoroughly.

If C doesn't travel towards higher densities of M, the question of c’ leaving or not, doesn't arise. But if C travels towards higher densities, c’ must behave in either of two ways as discussed above. If c’ does able to give up its outer layer then it can still act like the moon of C and can go along with C towards M. If c’ is not able to lose its outer layer it cannot follow C and needs to be get-away from C and become a moon to M inside M’s outer layer.

The phenomenon explained here can be applied to Earth system along with Moon. Moon is the natural satellite of Earth, which orbits around Earth in one of Earth’s material layers defined by certain density. If we assume this layer as outer most layer of Earth then, if Earth system moves towards Sun then either of two situations explained in fig 2.1.1 is a possibility. One situation can arise where Moon can leave Earth system and becomes a planet of Sun, where as in second situation by losing its outer layers Moon will come pretty much closer to Earth. Either one of these two situations is driven by Moon’s 'holding capability of its outer layers' or the Earth’s holding capability of Moon. If Earth’s holding capability is weaker than the Moon’s holding capability then Moon leaves Earth system and vice versa.

The phenomenon of Fig.2.1.1 is extension of Earth-Moon system, where Moon also has one sub moon with same atmospheric layers as Moon(C) and Earth (M). The scenario 2 of Fig.2.1.1 explains how the sub moon, c’ comes closer to C by losing its outer layers. If c’ is as big as C then we can call them as twin moon system like twin planets. This is not an uncommon phenomenon universe where scientists identified lot of twin stars. They can have common outer layer. In this case we call C and c’ as C₁ and C₂ respectively. As shown in Fig.2.1.2, when this twin moon system moves towards M by having scenario-2 situation, C₁ and C₂ come further closer to each other by losing their common outer layer and turning their inner layer a common layer to both C₁ and C₂.

Fig. 2.1.2: When twin moons C₁ and C₂ having a common outer layer moves towards high density layer of their mother body, they come closer and their immediate inner layer becomes their common layer as the outer layer lost

Further extension of this idea gives more insight into how the bodies inside a mother body get affected when the mother body goes in to high density layers or inner layers of its mother body. If we assume few sub moons(3^rd order bodies) orbit inside last two outermost layers of C₁ and C₂ (which are the 2^nd order bodies), such that c’₁ , and c’₂ in outer most common layer of C₁ and C₂ and in immediate inner layer d’₁ , and d’₂ orbit successively in each individual layer of the C₁ and C₂ . Fig.2.1.3. is referred for better clarity. When 1^st order body, i.e., the Earth system moves towards the inner layer of it mother body, if this system entirely follows the scenario 2, the c’₁ , and c’₂ of outer most common layer come into immediate high density layer of C₁ and C₂ where as this layer is now a common layer for  C₁ and C₂ . As the inner layer became the common layer for C₁ and C₂  , d’₁ , and d’₂ becomes common bodies to both C₁ and C₂ and upon the entry of  c’₁ , and c’₂ due to their inward movement all c’₁ ,  c’₂ , d’₁ , and d’₂ co-exist in the common layer. Now we may call combination of C₁ and C₂ as new body C₁₂. In this way the outer layer of these 2^nd order bodies becomes denser by not only due to loss of the outermost layer but also due to the entry of outer layer bodies with their increased outer layer densities. Here if we take the mass of bodies in calculating the density of a layer this layer density increases. But the mass of incoming bodies is nothing to do with true density of material layers. If we observe a unit space of that layer it remains unaffected by the incoming outer body. But if we see the number of bodies such as c’_1, c’₂ and d’₁ types their number has increased in the outer layer.

Fig.2.1.3: When the twin moons are having still smaller moons in their layers, during their inner layer is turning into the common layer for them, the outer layer moons (c’₁ and c’₂) too come in to the inner layer by losing their outer layers. At the same time the inner layer individual moons (d’₁ and d’₂) become common moons for both C₁ and C₂. So all four moons in two layers co-exist in single common inner layer, which is now outermost layer for C₁₂.

If the combination body C₁₂ further goes deep down into inner layer of its mother body M, these 2^nd order bodies all c’₁ ,  c’₂ , d’₁ and d’₂ may still go down in high density layer by losing their outer layers and may join the high density bodies e’₁ ,  e’₂ and e’₃. If mother body further goes down, the c’₁ and c’₂ bodies may not able to carried in further and the combination body C₁₂ may not able to carry them further. In that case, scenario 1 is prevalent and the body C₁₂ may lose c’₁ or c’₂ or both.

If we apply this phenomenon to bigger celestial bodies like galaxies and clusters of galaxies we could see this kind of phenomenon happening over there. While Galaxies move in to higher density areas of universe when scenario 2 is applicable the number of stars and planets will increase in outer arms of Galaxy.

The density change in the material layers in celestial bodies also can be established but for before that we need to get clarity on several things which we do in section 2.

PART 1: Structure and density of Material bodies

Introduction

There are number of theories on origin of Universe, among which, the most acclaimed one across the scientific community is the Big Bang theory. The other theory which is on back foot is the theory of steady state universe. As per the Wikipedia steady state universe theory is now-obselete theory.
I'm here to propose a new hypothesis which is close to steady state but would explain the recent findings where steady state theory has failed. One example is the cosmic microwave background radiation. 

The approach I used here would be surprising for many but simple to all. This idea is built upon the basic realities observed in the real world but not based on the existing theories, at least not many. Mainly two basic realities of the world used to build this hypothesis. One is the observation of celestial bodies' spheroidal structure and the other is the  decreasing density of materials from center to outer edges of each celestial body.

Here I'm not going to take the help of Gravitational or any other concepts extensively which makes my this attempt funny. But I'm not daring to challenge them yet. This strategy is followed to shields this hypothesis from most of the harsh criticism at this early stage and at the same time one drawback is it lessens the spread of this hypothesis across intellectual masses.

Section 1: Celestial bodies and their structures

If we observe Earth’s atmosphere there are several atmospheric layers and outer layers density is lesser than inner layer’s. Figure 1 shows how density changes from center of Earth to upper atmosphere.

Fig. 1. Earth’s density structure from core to lower Exosphere. In Exosphere density falls rapidly and at the outer exosphere Earth’s atmospheric particles mix with solar wind particles

The standard definition version of the Earth's Atmosphere Layers can be seen at NASA website.
http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?20015

Mostly our celestial bodies and their material spherical structures and densities are affected by temperatures, particles generated by chemical and nuclear reactions and Electromagnetic fields. In the absence of these three factors we may expect structures density and variations very simple.

Here we can see some of the celestial bodies with their outer boundaries

Fig.2. Earth and its outer layers can be seen in this Artistic figure of European Space Agency (ESA). 

Credit: ESA

Here ion nature of particles, Earth’s Magnetic field, Solar wind and solar magnetic field all causing the ionic layers bend and elongated the manner shown in this figure. Neutral particles layers closer to Earth’s surface can be seen near spherical as shown in Fig.1.

A NASA artist's concept of outer edges of solar system picture gives much more insight into the structure of layered solar system as shown in the following figure.

Fig.3. The Heliosphere : An artist's concept of outer edges of solar system (Not to scale). Credit: NASA/IBEX/Adler Planetarium

If we try to see the solar system in higher scale it would look like in the following picture of NASA.

Fig.4. The Solar system in the vicinity of nearby stars and interstellar clouds. The bow shock (Bow shock existence is debatable) is represented by the yellow-orange, crescent-shaped structure, and the heliosheath is the faint blue teardrop shaped/elongated spheroid area in the same image. Credit: NASA/Walt Feimer

Zooming in further makes our solar system association with other neighbouring stars more clearly in following NASA’s artistic picture.

Fig. 5. Solar system along with other stellar systems and inter stellar clouds. Credit: NASA/Goddard

These figures generated for solar system after NASA's Voyager observations. With similar observations on other stellar systems prove similar structure for those systems too.
If we see the higher structures, i.e. the Milky way Galaxy it is hard to imagine it in a spherical or spheroid form.

Fig.6. NASA artist's concept illustrates the view of the Milky Way. Our sun lies near a small, partial arm called the Orion Arm, or Orion Spur, located between the Sagittarius and Perseus arms. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech / R.Hurt (SSC-Caltech)
In the above picture of Milky Way Galaxy it is not be possible to visualize spherical or spheroid shells in this picture. But there is one illustration which astronomers have proposed contains the spherical shells.

Fig.7. The illustration which shows the Milky Way galaxy's inner and outer halos. 

A halo is a spherical cloud of stars surrounding a galaxy. Astronomers have proposed that the Milky Way's halo is composed of two populations of stars. The age of the stars in the inner halo, according to measurements by the Paranal Observatory, is 11.5 billion years old. The measurements suggest the inner-halo stars are younger than the outer-halo population, some of which could be 13.5 billion years old. Credit: NASA, ESA and A.Feild(STScl)

There are lot of other examples which shows lot of celestial bodies are in spherical or spheroidal shape. Some of them are given below.

Fig.8. (This explanation taken as it is from website https://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/A5a.html )

Apparently spherical nebula, nicknamed as the Owl Nebula (NGC 3587) for its obvious resemblance to an owl's face. Located in the Milky Way ~2000 l.y. from Earth, this nebula contains three distinct layers: a faint dark blue outer ring consisting of now dispersed gases expelled in the early stages; a medium blue middle ring driven by superwinds, and an inner light blue ring, plus a purplish central filling that represents material that has migrated inward

And one more example goes here…

Fig.9. (This explanation taken as it is from website https://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/A5a.html )

The full extent of ring development has been revealed in an HST ACS (Advanced Camera for Surveys) image, shown below. A number of individual spherical ring fronts are evident. Based on their distance from the Cats-Eye center and estimates of their speeds, these rings appear to be generated repeatedly at intervals averaging 1500 years, by a process still uncertain. The central Cats-Eye configuration is now believed to be a later stage in the history of this nebula.
This is all to establish the spherical or spheroid structure of the celestial bodies. Celestial bodies also have the material as layers with decreasing density from centre to outer boundaries. And these bodies also exists in a way that each and every celestial body happens to exist in a layer of bigger body. Earth in stellar system, stellar system in Galaxy and Galaxy is either in Galaxy cluster or a bigger body.

Section 2: Density variation in celestial bodies

Density of Earth sub-surface layers have been shown in Fig.1.
The density variations in earth atmosphere are shown in following figure.

Fig. 10. Earth atmosphere structure and the particle density curve. With the altitude Neutral atmospheric densities for various molecular and atomic species falls drastically compared to ionic particles. But overall density falls with altitude.

Density within Sun to varies in similar manner. Following figure depicts the same.

Fig.11. Density and temperature variation inside Sun, Credit: fas.org

Dust density distribution in solar system.

Fig.12. Dust particle density can be a measure for the density of the layers around the Sun. The Overal density is decreasing with distance from the Sun.  Credit: NASA

Density at the Core of the Sun is 150,000 kg/m³ = 150 g/cm³ ,  Density of Sun's corona is (2.0 × 10⁻¹⁷ g/cm3 or 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁷  x 10³ kg/m3 ), and it further reduces in Heleosphere.

Atomic nuclei and neutron stars is 2 × 10¹⁷ kg/m³, Observed density of space in core of galaxy is 1 × 10⁻¹⁸ kg/m³ (600 hydrogen atoms in every cubic centimetre), and Probable lowest observed density of space in galactic spiral arm is 1 × 10⁻²² kg/m³ (1 hydrogen atom every 16 cubic centimeters)  and beyond Galaxy disk it further declines. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(density)

Conclusion

From the above two sections we can conclude that Celestial bodies have layered structure with varying densities. And the density varies from centre to outer edges in decreasing manner.

Section 3: Behaviour of Layers with varying density

Layered nature is common feature for all celestial bodies ranging from Moon like satellites to Galaxies. Every celestial body has a dense centre and successive low density layers away from the centre. Lowest density layer is the outermost layer and most of it merges into the bigger celestial body’s equivalent density layer.

When we throw a stone in water it goes down. It doesn’t float. When we keep gasoline and water together, gasoline floats on water as they are immiscible and gasoline density is less than water density.

What happens if we lower a small heavy beaker with oil and water in it into a bigger beaker with same liquids?

Fig. 3.1. Through (a) to (c) beaker models it is explained how a less dense material leaves its native place making way for its denser materials to move further

Less dense liquid leaves the small beaker and mix with the same liquid in the big beaker and the small beaker pass down as high dense liquid replaces the low dense liquid.

The same scenario is applicable when a small planet with atmospheric layers is injected into the atmosphere of the big planet. The layers of gases merge with the same dense layers of the big planet one by one on passing to the respective layers.  This process goes on until the central mass of the small planet lands on the surface of the big planet, or until the center of the small planet merges into the same dense layer of the big planet.

In an ideal scenario where these above mentioned two bodies happen to be with only gases and/or liquids, the small planet travel towards the centre of the big planet until it’s all layers mix with that of the same materials one by one and its central part merges with the bigger planet. Same is shown in following figure with two Earth and Moon like celestial bodies with similar density layers coming together. Through a to e stages moon C loses all its materials into the layers of planet M and merges with planet M.

Fig.3.2. Planet M and moon C are having same number of layers with similar densities. Stages a through e moon C loses its layers into similar layers of the planet M or in other way Planet M consumes all layers of moon C one by one.

The logic of ‘lower density outer layers of moon C merge with the same density layer of the  planet M while C passing through the layers of M to its centre can be expanded further to make following conclusions.

1. 1.      If a sub moon or 2^nd order moon c’ happens to exist in outer layer of moon C, while C passing towards the centre of M, c’ leaves C and along with its outer layer and merges into the planet M’s outer layer.
   2.      c’ can still exist inside C space provided c’ gives up its outer layer too to M space.

For more look into Part 2.

Reference:

1. http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/AskGeoMan/geoQuerry57.html

2. http://www.universetoday.com/40451/exosphere/

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(density) 

4. http://sci.esa.int/cluster/40994-cluster-reveals-the-reformation-of-the-earth-s-bow-shock/ 

5. http://www.ibex.swri.edu/planetaria/IBEX_lithograph.pdf 

6. http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n0311/05voyager/ 

7. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/images/content/96465main_galaxy3_lg_web.jpg 

Introduction

This blog post deals with building a new hypothesis on the Existence of Universe through numerous posts. I thought the word 'Existence of Universe' better fits rather than 'Origin of Universe' or 'Origin of matter' as this hypothesis strongly backs the idea of 'no beginning' and 'no end' to the Universe.
I'm willing to accept criticism, suggestions and help to make this hypothesis fool-proof. The cloud sourcing makes now a days wonders and sharing my thinking would trigger best ideas in other thinkers and finally it makes the process of making better hypothesis a possibility.
So I keep my ideas you to scrutinize and finally to make it strong.

In Part 1. I deal with building premise for the ideas to arrive.
Then in Part 2, I will discuss the preliminary ideas and how they can help to build up theory further.

At this stage my writings will be loosely framed and further they can be modified and become stronger.